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deliciousdreamcat · 1 year ago

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Dimethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, sodium thiohydrate, pyridine, hydrogen bromide, barium hydroxide, barium sulfide, phenol, hydrochloric acid, dibromomethane, sodium hydroxide, n-butylene ether, 3-methylpyridine, bromoethane, aluminum trichloride solution, benzene, ethanethiol, octadecyl acetamide, acetonitrile, N N-diisopropylethylamine, hydrogen fluoride [anhydrous], potassium antimony tartrate, n-butylacetate, ethylene oxide, cyclohexane, potassium hydroxide, aluminum trichloride [anhydrous], 2-nitroanisole, 1, 2-dichloropropene, n-butanol, magnesium, O O ≤-diethylthiophosphoyl chloride, phenol solution, N-(phenylethyl-4-piperidine) propionamide citrate, ethyl acetate, 1,4-xylene, 2-aminopropane, isophthaloyl chloride, 2-chlorotoluene, cyclopentene, propionic acid, hydrofluoric acid, 2-butenaldehyde, 2-methylpentane, ethylamine, bromine, coal tar pitch, ethyl formate, ammonia solution [containing ammonia > 10%] 1-aminohydrin, 4-ethoxyphenylamine, diisopropylamine, sodium ethanolate, nitrifying asphalt, hydrazide hydrate [containing hydrazide ≤ 64%], dimethyl sulfate, acetic acid [content > 80%], acetaldehyde, 2-butylketone, aluminum borohydrate, phenylethanolnitrile, 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride, sodium hypochlorite solution [containing available chlorine > 5%], 2-aminophenol, chloroplatinic acid, barium chloride, tert-butylbenzene, tribromide, methyl sulfide, Diphosphate pentasulfide, diethylamine, chlorobenzene, n-butylbenzene, 1,3-xylene, hydrogen peroxide solution [content > 8%], terephthaloyl chloride, red phosphorus, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, methanol, propionaldehyde, 2-methoxyphenylamine, bleach powder, triethyl propropionate, 1-bromobutene, cyclohexanone, di-(tert-butylperoxy) phthalate [paste Content ≤ 52%], tetrahydrofuran, trichloroethylene, magnesium aluminum powder, formic acid, sodium ethanol ethanol solution, isopropyl ether, acetic acid solution [10% < content ≤ 80%], 2-methyl-1-propanol, diethyl carbonate, sodium aluminum hydroxide, 2-methylpyridine, n-butylamine, toluene, thiourea, magnesium alloy [flake, banded or striped Containing magnesium > 50%], methyl benzoate, hydrobromide, 4-methylpyridine, iodine monochloride, sodium sulfide, 3-bromo-1-propene, 2-propanol, potassium borohydroxide, triethylamine, ammonia, 4-nitro-2-aminophenol, 1, 2-epichlorohydrin, 1-propanol, cyclopentane chloride, n-propyl acetate, bromoacetic acid, zinc chloride solution, trichloromethane, 1-bromopropane, monoamine [anhydrous], perchloric anhydride acetic anhydride solution, 1-bromopropane Potassium hydroxide solution [content ≥ 30%], boric acid, sodium borohydrate, hydroacetic acid bromide solution, acrylic acid [stable], cyclopentane chloride, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, calcium hydroxide, 2-ethoxyaniline, dimethyl carbonate, sodium nitroso, monomethylamine solution, zinc chloride, hydrogen sulfide, trimethyl acetate, iodine trichloride, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide solution [content ≥ 30%], trimethyl orthoformate, hydrogen chloride [anhydrous], 4-methoxyaniline, sulfur, succinile, acetic anhydride, dipropylamine, methyl acetate, isopropylbenzene, propionyl chloride, ethyl formate, phosphorus pentoxide, formaldehyde solution, nitrogen trifluoride, acetone, ethanol [anhydrous], white phosphorus, 1, 2-xylene, 1, 3-dichloropropene, 1, 1, 1-dichloroethane, N N-diethylethanolamine, sulfuric acid, N, N-dimethyl formamide, methyl mercaptan, 4-chlorotoluene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, succinyl chloride, 2, 3-dichloropropene, xylene isomer mixture, tartrate nicotine, cyclopentane, petroleum ether, bromocyclopentane Potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, aluminum powder, chromic acid, iron chloride, lead nitrate, magnesium powder, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, perchloroethylene, phosphate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, zinc nitrate

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omc-juniperpublishers · 4 years ago

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (3S, 4R)-5-Phenylpentane-1, 3, 4-Triol-JuniperPublishers

Journal of Chemistry-JuniperPublishers

Abstract

We describe an efficient synthesis of (3S, 4R)-5-Phenylpentane-1, 3, 4-triol (1) from commercially available 3-phenylpropanal for the first time. The key reactions involved in this synthesis are proline catalyzed hydroxylation, followed by (Z)-selective Wittig olefination, and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation (Figure 1).

Keywords: Natural product; Triol; Wittig olefination; Total synthesis; Alzheimers; Parkinsons

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Introduction

Polyhydroxylated compounds are ubiquitous structural motifs found in a multitude of naturally occurring compounds, pharmaceuticals and material interest [1-5]. In addition to this their synthetic analogues are important as lead structures or drug candidates for the discovery of novel drugs [6-9]. These compounds have explicitly exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities including antibacterial, antitumoral, antimicrobial, antifeedant, herbicidal, plant growth inhibition and the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis properties [10-14]. Recently Hirokazu Kawagishi et al. isolated the triol compound named (3S,4R)-5-Phenylpentane-1,3,4-triol (1, Scheme 1) from the EtOH extract of edible mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii [15]. It exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent cell death. ER stress is caused by abnormalities in cell function such as changes in calcium channel functioning or accumulation of misfolded protein and this may be responsible for Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and prion type of human neuronal diseases, and also other diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, and heart & liver disease) [16,17]. Therefore, development of efficient strategies for the preparation of natural and unnatural products, which exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent cell death, is of great significance. Due to its interesting structural features and evident pharmacological potential, the synthesis of 1 has attracted much attention for the synthetic and medicinal chemists. In continuation of our research on the synthesis of biologically significant natural products from simple starting materials [18,19]. We herein, report a first total synthesis of 1, starting from 3-phenylpropanal (2) in a six steps with 45% overall yield.

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Results and Discussions

Our approach to the asymmetric synthesis of (3S, 4R)- 5-Phenylpentane-1, 3, 4-triol (1) is shown in scheme 1. We envisioned that the target molecule can be derived from allyl alcohol 5 via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation protocol. The allylic alcohol 5 from 3-phenylpropanal (2) using proline catalyzed sequential -aminooxylation and Horner-Wadsworth- Emmons olefination. The synthetic sequence began with the preparation of ester fragment 3 from commercially available 3-phenylpropanal (2, scheme 2). Thus, phenylpropanal (2) was subjected to aminooxylation process by using nitrosobenzene as an oxygen source and L-proline as a catalyst at -20C, followed by in situ (Z)-selective Wittig olefination reaction with the triethyl phosphonoacetate, LiCl and DBU to furnish crude -aminooxy ester [20]. Subsequent reduction of the -aminooxy compound with 30 mol % CuSO4.5H2O in methanol provided the hydroxy unsaturated ester 3 in 69% yield. The enantiomeric purity of the hydroxyl ester 3 was determined as 99% by using chiral HPLC analysis. The protection of the hydroxy group in compound 3 with TBS-Cl, imidazole in THF gave silyl ether compound 4 in 96% yield [21]. The reduction of ester functionality in compound 4 was carried out with Dibal-H in THF at room temperature to afford allylic alcohol 5 in 92% yield [22]. Next, installation of chiral epoxide on intermediate 5, has been achieved using Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation protocol with (-)-di-isopropyl tartrate, tert-butyl hydroperaxide and titanium tetra (isopropaxide) in tert-butanol and water at -20��C for 12h, gave the chiral epoxide 6 in 91% yield [23]. Opening of the epoxide in a compound 6 with Red-Al provided diol 7 in 86% yield [24]. Finally, deprotection of the silyl group in 1, 3-diol 7 with TBAF in THF yielded the title compound, (3S, 4R)-5-Phenylpentane-1, 3, 4-triol (1) in 95% yield.

In conclusion, the first asymmetric synthesis of (3S, 4R)- 5-phenylpentane-1, 3, 4-triol (1) starting from commercially available 2-phenylpropioal has been achieved in a six steps with 45% overall yield. The key reactions include, a proline-catalyzed -aminooxylation, followed by (Z)-selective Wittig olefination and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.

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Experimental

Synthesis of ((3S)-3-((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy)-2-phenylethyl)oxiran-2-yl)methanol (6)

To a stirred mixture of powdered molecular sieves (4Å, 4.0g) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (1.37mL, 1.37mmol, 1M solution in CH2Cl2, 0.2equiv.) in (20mL) cooled at -20°C was added a (-)-di-isopropyl tartrate in CH2Cl2 (0.64g, 2.74mmol, 0.4equiv.). The mixture was stirred at -20°C for 10min, and a solution of allylic alcohol 5(2.00g, 6.84mmol, 1equiv.) in CH2Cl2(15mL) and a 5M solution (1,2-dichloroethane) of tert-butylhydroperoxide (2.46g, 5.47mL, 27.40mmol, 4equiv.) were added, successively. The resulting mixture was stirred at -20°C for 12h and quenched with 3mL H2O and 0.8ml 20% NaOH. After the mixture was stirred at rt for 45min, the organic layer was separated, and filtered the reaction mixture. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 30mL). The organic layer and the extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The residual oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate (80:20) to give 6(1.92g, 91%) as a colorless oil.

Synthesis of target molecule 1

To an ice cold solution of silyl ether 7 (0.50 g, 1.61 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (20mL) was added TBAF (2.41 mL, 1.0 M solution in THF, 2.41 mmol, 1.5 equiv.). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and diluted with saturated NH4Cl (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an oily residue, which was purified by chromatography over silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate (70:30) to afford 1 (300mg, 95% yield); [α]D20 +63.9 (c 0.12, MeOH); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.27- 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 3H), 3.77-3.87 (m, 4H), 2.83 (dd, J = 14.0, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dd, J = 13.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.75-1.81 (m, 2H); 13CNMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 138.3, 129.3, 128.5, 126.4, 75.3, 73.4, 60.7, 38.4, 33.0; IR (KBr): νmax = 3351, 2924, 1464, 1224, 1171, 725 cm-1; MS (ESI): m/z 219 (M+Na)+; HRMS (ESI):m/z calcd for C11H16NaO3 (M+Na)+: 219.0992, found: 219.0995.

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Acknowledgement

R Venkateshwarlu thankful to the Director, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, for their support to provide NMRs.

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biomedgrid · 5 years ago

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Biomed Grid | A Review Study on Different Plants in Malvaceae Family and Their Medicinal Uses

Introduction

Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety [1]. In the United States over the period 1999 to 2012, despite several hundred applications for new drug status, only two botanical drug candidates had sufficient evidence of medicinal value to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. A medicinal plant is a plant that is used to attempt to maintain health, to be administered for a specific condition, or both, whether in modern medicine or in traditional medicine. The Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in 2002 that over 50,000 medicinal plants are used across the world [2].

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew more conservatively estimated in 2016 that 17,810 plant species have a medicinal use, out of some 30,000 plants for which a use of any kind is documented [3]. In other systems of medicine, medicinal plants may constitute the majority of what are often informal attempted treatments, not tested scientifically [4]. The World Health Organization estimates, without reliable data, that some 80 percent of the world’s population depends mainly on traditional medicine (including but not limited to plants); perhaps some two billion people are largely reliant on medicinal plants [4]. The use of plant-based materials including herbal or natural health products with supposed health benefits, is increasing in developed countries [5]. This brings attendant risks of toxicity and other effects on human health, despite the safe image of herbal remedies [6]. Herbal medicines have been in use since long before modern medicine existed; there was and often still is little or no knowledge of the pharmacological basis of their actions, if any, or of their safety. The World Health Organization formulated a policy on traditional medicine in 1991, and since then has published guidelines for them, with a series of monographs on widely used herbal medicines [7].

Medicinal plants may provide three main kinds of benefit: health benefits to the people who consume them as medicines; financial benefits to people who harvest, process, and distribute them for sale; and society wide benefits, such as job opportunities, taxation income, and a healthier labour force [8]. However, development of plants or extracts having potential medicinal uses is blunted by weak scientific evidence, poor practices in the process of drug development, and insufficient financing [9]. Malvaceae are distributed widely in tropical and temperate regions. 22 genera and about 125 species of Malvaceae have so far been reported from India. Some of the larger genera, along with their common names/ or number of reported species in parenthesis, include Hibiscus (rose mallow, 300), Sida (200), Pavonia (200), Abutilon (Indian mallow, 100), Alcea (60), Malva (Mallow, 40), Lavatera (25), Gossypium (Cotton, 20), and Althaea (12).

A number of species are pests in agriculture, including Abutilon theophrasti and Madiola caroliniana, and others that are garden escapes. Cotton (four species of Gos-sypium), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), cacao, kola nut, and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are important agricultural crops. The fruit and leaves of baobabs are edible, as is the fruit of the durian. The family is recognized by Hibiscus ro-sa-sinensis (rose of China) because of its beautiful large flowers and hundreds of its known cultivated varieties. Cotton (Gossypium), the most important plant of this family from the commercial viewpoint, has been cultivated in India since last 5000 years [10].

Objectives of the Review

Medicinal plants is very much related to our health culture. Most of the people of Bangladesh are directly or indirectly depends medicinal plants for health problem. The review aims to understand the possibility of medicinal plant as a sustainable livelihood option. The specific objectives are to explore the use of locally produced medicinal plants, to explore the market of medicinal plants in Bangladesh, to know about of the habitat, diversity of medicinal plant, to know about the conversation of medicinal plant, to know about the uses of medicinal plant against several diseases.

Materials and Methods

The present study in based on the intensive field of the area during the period of June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 5 species under 5 genera belonging to the Malvaceae family were collected and identified. The methods and materials were performed through a systematic search related to Euphorbiacea including the ethnomedicinal practices, phytochemistry and pharmacological studies around the world. The data was collected from online journals, research papers and books, all of which were published in different countries. Search engine websites such as Google, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science Direct, Research gate and other online collections were utilized in this review to obtain information.

Results and Discussion

The total description and the medicinal uses of the plants of the Malvaceae family are given below:

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L [11]

Taxonomic description: An ornamental shrub or small tree. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, irregularly and coarsely serrate towards the top. Flowers large, axillary solitary; corolla 7.5 cm diam., tubular below, red. Local name: Jaba, English Name: Shoe flower, China rose. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Gardens. Phenology: January to December (Figure 1).

Figure 1:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L

Medicinal Uses: The flower buds are cooling and as-tringent; remove burning of the body, urinary discharges, seminal weakness and piles. Flowers are refrigerant, emol-lient, demulcent, aphrodisiac and emmenagogue. Juice of the flower with juice of banana inflorescence cures acute dysen-tery. Flower with leaves of Adhatoda zeylanica is very much beneficial in bleeding piles. Flowers fried in ghee is given in menorrhagia; also used in diseases of the genito-urinary tract. Fresh flowers are mecerated and mixed with water is taken to cure scanty menstruation. Staminal column is diuretic and is used in the treatment of kidney trouble. Leaves are emollient, anodyne and aperient. Roots are valuable in cough.

Chemical constituents: Leaves and stems contain β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraxeryl acetate and three cyclopropane compounds and their derivatives. Flowers contain cyanidin diglucoside, flavonoids and vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Quercetin-3-diglucoside, 3,7-diglucoside, cyanidin-3,5- diglucoside and cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside have been isolated from deep yellow flowers; all above compounds and kaempferol-3-xylosylglucoside have been isolated from ivory white flowers.

Abutilon indicum (L) Sweet [

]

Taxonomic description: An erect woody under shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate irregularly toothed, covered on both surfaces with white down. Flowers solitary, axillary; calyx 5-lobed, tubular below, lobes ovate-acute; corolla yellow, petals 5, connate below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Ripe carpels 15-20, longer than the calyx, truncate or shortly awned. Local name: Petari. Habit: Undershrub. Habitat: In waste places. Phenology: July to August (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet.

Medicinal Uses: Infusion of the leaves and roots is di-uretic and demulcent; used in fevers, chest infections, go-norrhea and urethritis; leaves cooked and eaten in bleeding piles. Stem bark is astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, anthelminticas. lessens perspiration; good in strangury and urinary complaints. Seeds are tonic, aphrodisiac, laxative, emollient and demul-cent; good for bronchitis, cough, piles, gonorrhea, gleet and chronic cystitis. Root is nervine tonic; infusion is useful in fever, leprosy, strangury, piles, leucoderma, haematuria and stones in bladder.

Chemical constituents: chemical constituents of the whole plant of Abutilon indicumhas resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, abutilin A (1) and (R)-N-(1′-methoxycarbonyl-2′- phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide (2), as well as 28 known compounds. The structures of the two new compounds were established on the basis of the spectroscopic analysis, and the known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data.

Gossypium herbaceum

L [13]

Taxonomic description: A small, woody, annual shrub. Leaves almost reniform, distinctl cordate-auriculate, 3-5-7 lobed. Inflorescence proliferous, forming many lateral spurs that carry two or more flowers. Bracteoles 3, equalling the capsule, ovate-rotund, top incised into long irregular teeth. Flowers large, yellow with purple claws. Capsules ovoid, acuminate. English name: Cotton. Local name: Karpus Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated. Phenology: January to December (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Gossypium herbaceum L.

Medicinal Uses:

a) Flower extract is used as an abortifacient and to induce menstrual flow.

b) Seeds are demulcent, laxative, expectorant and aphrodisiac.

c) Roots are emmenagogue and galactagogue; useful in dysmenorrhoea and suppression of menstruation.

d) Root bark stimulates uterine contractions and hastens difficult labour. It promotes abortion or onset of menstruation and reduces menstrual flow (Yusuf et al. 2009).

Chemical constituents: Leaves, flowers, roots, stem and seed oil contain an active constituent, a sesquiterpene pigment, called gossypol (a dimeric naphthalene derivative), which causes infertility in men. Other constituents of various parts of the plant include flavonids, quercetin, betaine, choline and salicylic acid. Root bark contains resin.

Hibiscus esculentus L [14]

Taxonomic Description:

a) The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin.

b) The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad.

c) Flower color in certain species, suchas H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age. The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers. Local name: Dharosh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated gardens. Phenology: April to July. Status of occurrence: Abundant (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Hibiscus esculentus L.

Medicinal Uses:

a) The roots are very rich in mucilage, having a strongly demulcent action. They are said by some to be better than marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis).

b) This mu-cilage can be used as a plasma replacement. An infusion of the roots is used in the treatment of syphilis. The juice of the roots is used externally in Nepal to treat cuts, wounds and boils. The leaves furnish an emollient poultice.<./

c) A decoction of the immature capsules is demulcent, diuretic and emollient. It is used in the treatment of catarrhal infections, ardor urinae, dysuria and gonorrhoea.

d) The seeds are antispasmodic, cordial and stimulant.

e) An infusion of the roasted seeds has sudorific properties.

Chemical Constituent: The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, peach, yellow or purple, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliacs, changes with age. The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.

Hibiscus mutabilis

L [15]

Taxonomic description: A large, bushy, ornamental shrub. Leaves, cordate, long-petioled, suborbicular, 5-7 lobed or angled, softly pubescent or tomentose. Flowers large, axillary, solitary; corolla 7.5-10 cm across, spreading, white or pink. Capsules globose, flattened, hairy. English Name: Changeable Rose, Confederate Rose. Local name: Sthalpadma. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Gardens. Phenology: July to December. Status of occurrence: Common (Figure 5).

Figure 5: Hibiscus mutabilis L.

Medicinal Uses:

a) The flowers are considered to be sti-mulant, and an established remedy for pectoral and pulmo-nary complaints.

b) The plant is used as an emollient.

c) The methanol and ethyl extract of this plant habe been reported to posses antibacterial activity against pneumniae, bacillus subtilis, proteus vulgaris, E.coli.

d) The leaves has anti-inflammatory activity.

e) Bark extract of Hibiscus mutabilis has analgesic activity at 50 and 1oo mg\kg respectively.

f) This plant has anti proliferative activity. It also has anti allergic action.

g) Ferulic acid purified from leaf extract of this plant has been used to inhibit lipid induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscel cells.

Chemical Constituents: Flowers contain meratrin, quercimeritrin, cyanin and other flavonoides.

Stem contains flavonoides, glycosides of naringenin and eriodictyol (Asolkar et al., 1992; Rastogi & Mehrotra, 1990).

Conclusion

Traditional medicine practices on the family Malvaceae growing throughout Chittagong, Bangladesh was carried out during June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 5 species under 5 genera belonging to the family Malvaceae were collected and identified. The present study may be a preliminary contribution of this area using standard research methods, focusing on medicinal plants and their local uses for the healthcare. This detailed information will be helpful for the pharmacognosist, botanist, ethno-botanist and pharmacologist for the collection and identification of the plant for their re-search work. The result obtained in the investigation need to be rigorously subjected to pharmachemical analysis in order to validate their authenticity and future prospects. The paper has only documented the herbal health remedies presently in vogue in the region and does not prescribe or recommend for their use till further determination by the pharmacologist. Data have been gathered on the traditional uses of plant species, especially for asthma, abscess, anthelmintic, astringent, bronchitis, bedsores, cancer, cough, diuretic, diarrhea, dysentery, eczema, earache, headache, inflammations, jaundice, kidney disease, leprosy, paralysis, skin diseases, scabies, toothache, ulcers, ringworm and others.

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timclymer · 5 years ago

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Remedy for High Blood Pressure – Use This Magic Elixir

How 2 Natural, Low Cost Products Will Lower Your Blood Pressure

Lowering blood pressure was not what prompted me to begin research for natural cures. I was looking for ways to combat the onset of type 2 diabetes. A family member was diagnosed as pre-diabetic, and since diabetes is a condition-not a disease-I figured that it could be possible to reverse diabetes before it really got a foothold.

I learned that diabetes occurred when there was too much sugar in one’s diet. One method I learned about from a respected medical source was to add a simple herb to one’s diet. Cinnamon has been used as a home remedy to cleanse the body of excess sugar as well as a host of other ailments. And as I dug deeper into this bit of research, I learned that cinnamon, when combined with another natural product-pure honey–high blood pressure, or hypertension could be brought down to normal levels.

Whenever I want to separate fact from fiction I visit the tell-all website, The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods. Here’s what they say about cinnamon: “Cinnamon’s unique healing abilities come from three basic components in the essential oils found in the bark (of cinnamon trees). These oils contain active components called. Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate and cinnamyl alcohol, plus a wide range of other volatile substances,”

This same source tells us that a very healthful home remedy is the combination of cinnamon and pure honey. Honey, they say, is a bountiful source of riboflavin and also vitamin B6. Another benefit gained from honey is manganese, which is not very plentiful in the normal diets, and included as a bonus is iron.

Some of honey’s most beneficial attributes are easily destroyed when the honey is processed commercially. The moral of this story is to avoid most honey products found on super markey shelves as this form has had the life cooked out of it. Pasteurization and filtering tend to destroy the many other good features of raw, wild honey.

The benefits to your health will depend upon the actual quality of the flowers chosen by the honey bees during their gathering cycle. Honey contains phytochemicals like phenylethyl, methyl caffeate and caffeic acid. Scientific research reveals that these chemicals have proven to be useful in preventing colon cancer. Honey’s phytochemicals shut down the activity of harmful substances that produce many cancer-causing compounds.

There are numerous sources on the Internet that offer pure honey. Look for the darker honey, which is a great source for phenolic compounds or flavonoids that provide the added protection of being anti-oxidants.

It has only been during recent years that researchers have renewed their interest in a honey-cinnamon combination. Cinnamon-containing compounds have been used during the treatment of epilepsy and reducing the effects of the common cold.

Honey collection has been going on for nearly 10,000 years so our ancient ancestors must have figured out the value of this golden liquid. Make your own elixir: 2 – tsp. of cimmamon, 1 – tbl. spoon of honey. Mix in an 8 ounce glass of warm water. Drink it down.

It can be observed that the cinnamon-honey compound was often uncovered in folklore and traditional medical circles are keeping a close watch because compared to many of today’s wonder drugs, honey and cinnamon is definitely a low cost prescription toward better health.

Of course I’m not suggesting that you dump all of your medications in the dust bin. Always follow your doctor’s council. Discuss this with your doctor and if he adamantly disapproves of using honey and cinnamon-get a second opinion.

Source by Don Penven

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homesolutionsforev · 5 years ago

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Remedy for High Blood Pressure – Use This Magic Elixir

How 2 Natural, Low Cost Products Will Lower Your Blood Pressure

Source by Don Penven

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/remedy-for-high-blood-pressure-use-this-magic-elixir/ via Home Solutions on WordPress

#Home Solutions Forev

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poojalate · 9 months ago

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Captivating Practices you can follow in horticulture:

Horticulture is the cultivation of plants. Cultivating gardens, fruits, vegetables, and flowers is both an art and a science. Ensuring plants develop healthily entails planting, tending to, and maintaining them.

Horticulture involves everything from seed planting to soil maintenance, watering, and ensuring plants receive the proper amount of sunshine to support their growth.

It involves more than just growing produce in your backyard; it also entails cultivating fruits and vegetables on a bigger scale while maintaining the health and nutritional value of the plants. As an attractive plant valued for its alluring flowers and distinctive foliage, cyclamen is important to horticulture. In this post, you will learn beautiful practices:

Container Gardening:

A flexible method for growing plants in small areas is container gardening. This method works well in urban or tiny spaces and uses pots, hanging baskets, or boxes. Combining different plants fosters creativity and results in arrangements that are eye-catching.

Various container designs and sizes allow for a wide range of plant species to be accommodated, providing design versatility. Controlling soil composition, watering schedules, and sun exposure is convenient for gardeners. Being a plant that grows well in pots, cyclamenis a popular choice for indoor or balcony gardens.

Japanese Zen Gardens:

Japanese Zen Gardens, also known as karesansui, epitomizes simplicity and calm. Made up of sand or scraped gravel that symbolizes water and rocks that depict mountains or islands, these gardens provide calm areas for reflection.

To inspire balance and tranquility, every component has been painstakingly placed. The simple reflections of nature created by thoughtfully arranged stones, moss, and trimmed plants foster a peaceful atmosphere. Strolls across the garden are guided by paths, which promote awareness.

Based on Zen Buddhism, Zen gardens are spiritual retreats encouraging introspection and harmony with the natural world. They also create a calm environment that eases mental tension and fosters a profound sense of serenity and connectedness.

Seasonal Flower Beds:

An ever-changing variety of flowers can be seen in seasonal flower beds, colorful displays of nature's shifting color palette. A constant display of color and aroma is ensured by carefully selecting plants in these beds, which flourish in particular seasons.

Sunflowers, dahlias, and zinnias make colorful summer blooms, while tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths adorn spring gardens. Autumnal beds consist of ornamental kale, chrysanthemums, and asters; winter beds can include attractive cabbages, cyclamens, and pansies.

With their ever-changing views that captivate the senses and provide visually striking and varied gardens, these beds' skillful rotation of seasonal flowers infuses landscapes with vitality and dynamism.

Topiary and sculpted gardens:

Topiary and sculpted gardens are living works of art in which plants are meticulously shaped into elaborate patterns and decorations. They display carefully manicured hedges, bushes, or trees in geometric designs, animals, or abstract sculptures.

Often seen in formal gardens or opulent estates, these manicured vegetation landscapes display artistic sophistication. By fusing horticulture with artistic expression, they provide a refined and whimsical charm, turning gardens into dynamic exhibition spaces that enthrall with their well-thought-out and creative designs.

Bottom Line:

You can follow any of the above practices for an alluring garden. You can also follow the practices of STAC or Sustainable Techniques in Agricultural Cultivation because they conduct studies that investigate new methods to improve the sustainability of the environment and productivity of horticulture.

#cyclamen #STAC #Styrallyl Acetate #1-phenylethyl acetate #Cyclamen #Cyclamen Aldehyde #Cyclamal #Cyclosal

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poojalate · 8 years ago

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society can afford to buy such high priced perfumes of products that are genuine or manufacturing using authentic sources. Many of the present generation products are seen manufactured using all low priced or cheap aromatic substances that are causing different side effects, using such products can be quite harmful.

#1-phenylethyl acetate

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abhijeetpawar22 · 4 years ago

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